Historical dating of ramayana

Without the weight of historical tradition, the Ramayana would have been swept away by the tidal waves of conquests that India suffered over a.
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And we use this information and look into the human genome DNA , which preserves information back several generations. And then we see how this information coming from their genome is in concordance or vice-versa with the mythological information,' he explains in an interview over email. The Ramayana project is ongoing, and the plan for the next phase is to collect DNA samples from communities that claim direct lineage from Rama and then look for a consensus result--if any--that traces his male descent via the Y chromosomal haplogroup.

Chaubey also speaks of how his growing up years in Varanasi gave him a firm grounding in mythological texts and sources, which he now applies to research. He is extending the same analysis to the Mahabharata. She turned to botany and zoology to establish the historicity of the Ramayana. Two life scientists from the institute, P Sudhakar and M Amirthalingam studied the plants and animals of the Ramayana. Chitrakut, Dandakaranya, Kishkindha and Lanka," Krishna says.

The idea for this research came to her while on a visit to Bhimbetka caves in Madhya Pradesh, where she saw a painting of a tiger and a lion together. Dismissing it as artistic licence, since the two are not found in the same forest, she later found out that in the forest of Dandakaranya, the two had co- existed, and Valmiki had weaved this into the Ramayana.

The Scientific Dating of the Ramayana | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts

She felt she had to follow his trail. By next year, the results of their work on Krishna and the Mahabharata will be out.


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The Mahabharata, though, is not as yielding in botanical information as the Ramayana. Nanditha Krishna has also authored Sacred Plants of India and Sacred Animals of India published by Penguin , books about research done on the Vedas and epics to authenticate their historicity. As I searched for correlations in ancient texts, I realised that while writers can make up stories about people, they cannot fake plants and animals, which are described so accurately in these texts. That was a tremendous source to authenticate our literature. Neera Misra, Chairperson, Draupadi Trust: She was witty and intelligent.

An icon of our times" Photo: Neera Misra, who runs the Draupadi Trust in Delhi, is not a historian or scientist, unlike other pursuers. She is a former entrepreneur who was drawn to the field quite by accident. Misra belongs to Kampilya, which, located in Farrukhabad district of Uttar Pradesh, is considered the birthplace of Draupadi and the capital of the kingdom of Panchala. Some years ago, while recovering from an illness, she started watching reruns of Mahabharata on television and realised the importance of Kampilya. She also rediscovered Draupadi, and through her work she has introduced the question of gender to the debate on the epic's historicity.

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She was witty and intelligent, fiercely independent and progressive. She is an icon for our times," says Misra. Her tiny office is filled with ancient maps of Panchala, some frayed with age. I have a connection with the land. Misra has the air of someone who knows how to get things done. She campaigned extensively for excavation at Kampilya, which took place between and Misra talks about the tragedy of Kampilya. The mound where Drupad Kila Fort of King Drupad is assumed to be located has been taken over by squatters.

Intent on reclaiming the historic site and developing it for cultural tourism, she is currently in talks with the government of Uttar Pradesh. Archaeology is the only discipline that historians of all hues accept as a validator of information. BB Lal, a pioneer in this field, has written books on archaeological evidence for both the epics.

The last great breakthrough was the discovery of the submerged city of Dwarka. But even archaeology has not provided enough leads. Last year, amid much sounding of trumpets, the Archaeological Survey of India ASI undertook an excavation at Delhi's Purana Qila, a 16th century fort that's also considered the site of Indraprastha, believed to be the capital of the kingdom of the Pandavas.

The first excavation at this site was conducted by BB Lal in ; he found traces of PGW, which he then corroborated with the Mahabharata. The aim of this round of excavation was to discover stratified deposits of PGW to establish links that would otherwise be tenuous. The team found PGW potsherds in the upper layers, till the rain interrupted the excavation.

This year, they were to dig for stratified deposits, but the project is stalled and the lead excavator Vasant Swarnkar, superintending archaeologist with the ASI, has been transferred. There was definitely a PGW habitation at this site, but we need large- scale excavation to prove this archaeologically," Swarnkar says. TKV Rajan, an archaeologist in Bengaluru who has been pushing for re-excavation at Dwarka in the current state of Gujarat by using new underwater technology, believes that the ASI does not want to relate the excavation at Indraprastha with the Mahabharata as the topic is a little too politically charged and sensitive.

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Hearing of this, her brother Khara organises an attack against the princes. Rama defeats Khara and his raskshasas. When the news of these events reach Ravana, he resolves to destroy Rama by capturing Sita with the aid of the rakshasa Maricha. Maricha, assuming the form of a golden deer, captivates Sita's attention. Entranced by the beauty of the deer, Sita pleads with Rama to capture it.

Rama, aware that this is the ploy of the demons, cannot dissuade Sita from her desire and chases the deer into the forest, leaving Sita under Lakshmana's guard. After some time, Sita hears Rama calling out to her; afraid for his life, she insists that Lakshmana rush to his aid. Lakshmana tries to assure her that Rama is invincible and that it is best if he continues to follow Rama's orders to protect her.

On the verge of hysterics, Sita insists that it is not she but Rama who needs Lakshmana's help.

He obeys her wish but stipulates that she is not to leave the cottage or entertain any stranger. He draws a chalk outline, the Lakshmana rekha , around the cottage and casts a spell on it that prevents anyone from entering the boundary but allows people to exit. With the coast finally clear, Ravana appears in the guise of an ascetic requesting Sita's hospitality. Unaware of her guest's plan, Sita is tricked into leaving the rekha and is then forcibly carried away by Ravana.

Jatayu , a vulture , tries to rescue Sita, but is mortally wounded. At Lanka, Sita is kept under the guard of rakshasis. Ravana asks Sita to marry him, but she refuses, being eternally devoted to Rama. Meanwhile, Rama and Lakshmana learn about Sita's abduction from Jatayu and immediately set out to save her.

During their search, they meet Kabandha and the ascetic Shabari , who direct them towards Sugriva and Hanuman. Kishkindha Kanda is set in the ape Vanara citadel Kishkindha. Rama and Lakshmana meet Hanuman, the biggest devotee of Rama, greatest of ape heroes and an adherent of Sugriva , the banished pretender to the throne of Kishkindha.

The Epic Riddle Of Dating Ramayana, Mahabharata

Rama befriends Sugriva and helps him by killing his elder brother Vali thus regaining the kingdom of Kishkindha, in exchange for helping Rama to recover Sita. However Sugriva soon forgets his promise and spends his time in enjoying his powers.


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The clever former ape queen Tara wife of Vali calmly intervenes to prevent an enraged Lakshmana from destroying the ape citadel. She then eloquently convinces Sugriva to honour his pledge. Sugriva then sends search parties to the four corners of the earth, only to return without success from north, east and west. The southern search party under the leadership of Angada and Hanuman learns from a vulture named Sampati elder brother of Jatayu , that Sita was taken to Lanka.

Sundara Kanda forms the heart of Valmiki's Ramayana and consists of a detailed, vivid account of Hanuman 's adventures. After learning about Sita, Hanuman assumes a gargantuan form and makes a colossal leap across the sea to Lanka. On the way he meets with many challenges like facing a Gandharva kanya who comes in the form of a demon to test his abilities.

Dating of the Ramayana and Mahabharata