Feb 12, It's a widespread practice in China to "age" mah-jongg sets so that they look Craftmaster Corporation made that set in (the date on the.
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Some collectors also say that Catalin tends to be more translucent at least less opaque than Bakelite. Thanks to Ron Cooper for the link. Catalin Tiles Celluloid -- Celluloid was the one of the first man-made plastics, having been developed by John Hyatt in the 's.
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It was made from cellulose usually from cotton shirt manufacturing waste and camphor. It was developed as a direct substitute for ivory and tortoiseshell. Early celluloid was extremely flammable and burned with the smell of camphor and nitric acid. It is unlikely that many Mah Jongg tiles were made from celluloid, since it was more expensive to produce than the other plastics by the time Mah Jongg tiles were being mass manufactured.
I have seen a set in which the tiles looked like the one pictured here. The distinct grain of "French Ivory" was evident. I did not attempt to discern a camphor smell, however. Alternate names for celluloid are "French Ivory" due to the striated appearance and "Pyralin. Notice the fine vertical lines, created to make the tiles look like ivory -- which is why celluloid of this type was referred to as "French Ivory" -- but the grain is too regular to be ivory.
Bone -- Bone is by far the most common material used in antique Chinese Mah Jongg sets, and it is usually dove-tailed with bamboo. Most bone mah-jongg tiles are made from ox or cow shin bone, but it is possible that bone of other animals may have been used as well. We don't have any definitive information on how to distinguish cow bone from elephant bone, but American cow shin bones bought in Chicago and shipped to China for making mah-jongg tiles were bleached, and Chinese cattle shin bones were not.
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Darker, dirtier-looking bone is likely Chinese bone, not American bone. I don't think any tiles were made from elephant bone, but in any case it's likely that it's illegal to import items made of elephant bone - see the alert below.
Bone tiles will usually show somewhere, even if only a few tiles, the Haversian system found only in bone. This is the remnants of the vascular system of the bone structure, and usually shows up as small pores, often darkened with decayed organic material. The Haversian system may also show up as streaks on the tiles. Ivory does not have this system, so any indication of the Haversian system is a strong indication of bone.
If in doubt, assume the sets are bone, not ivory. There is a good economic reason for this, as well: It is very doubtful that ivory could have been afforded or imported during that time. Visually look for signs of the Haversian system in ALL of the tiles of the set -- in high grade bone sets, this may be difficult to find and using a 10x hand lens is helpful.
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If you have questions about cleaning or restoring bone tiles, see FAQ 7o. A lot of newer modern sets, especially those coming from Shanghai, are made of pulverised fishbone, reconstituted and pressed together. The actual paint used in the symbols on modern fishbone sets are usually much brighter, bordering on gaudy, garish colours. Fishbone tiles also have very sharp edges which sometimes show very fine chipping of the edges.
Unlike older tiles, carved from solid pieces of bone, modern tiles are increasingly "carved" engraved with modern, presumably electric, tools. Such engravings show very rounded curves. Older carvings were chiseled or gouged and rounded corners tended to be angular, as a result of being done with two or more 'strokes'.
Click here to see the "Is It Ivory" checklist! Be advised that some countries like the United States prohibit the importation of ivory items or any items made from endangered species like elephants. In , the U. So if you live in the United States, don't buy any ivory or elephant bone items from any other country or state! Cow bone, walrus ivory, and mammoth ivory should be okay to import eBay has a guide about what items should not be imported. If the box is in good shape, you are ahead of the game. If it is inlaid with bone or mother-of-pearl, even better.
Although not a traditional Mahjong box, this one is highly desirable because of the exquisite carving. It is no surprise this box auctioned on Liveauctioneers holds an ivory set. Not only is it deeply carved with an elaborate handle, it is painted. Chinese Bakelite sets are also hand-carved and wonderful. Once again the condition of the tiles is important: Are they splitting apart? Those situations will greatly decrease the value of your set. A very rare horned owl among the other suits. Owls are very popular and highly desirable, and this is the only horned owl I have ever seen.
Here the Flowers are like those often seen, but the White Dragon middle tile top row isn't, making the set interesting. The tiles are somewhat small too. Normal Flowers but beautifully and delicately carved, with green backs, making this set desirable. Often Chinese Bakelite sets with wafer backs go for more money than plain ones. And this set is wonderful too, because the scene continues from one tile to the next. This is an example of a "leisure" set. Continuous Flowers command more money.
Antique Mah Jong Sets
Be sure you group your tiles by color of the Chinese character, on the above tiles they are red and and to see if you have a continuous scene. French Ivory is valuable in and of itself. Made to look like ivory, it has striations with alternating shades of off white. It too could be hand-carved. Looking at the beauty of the carving, and the details, you can see why real hand-carved French Ivory commands a good price. There are other two-tone French Ivory tiles made by Piroxloid that also have good value, the more brilliant the color of the backs green or orange bring more than black the greater the value.
Unlike other substances, most French Ivory sets are unusual in and of themselves, although a few companies such as Piroxloid made some commercial mass-produced sets. Bakelite sets tend to have value because of the manufacturer. Don't trust the label you see inside your box or case. Check out CHarli's website www.
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Bakelite sets from the s, s and s are highly sought after. Do all the tiles match? Are there discolorations, markings, dents or flea bites? Is all the paint there? These are negatives, although if a tile is just missing paint it can usually be restored. Are your bakelite tiles all one color, or do they have a different color back? Tiles that are two color can be more valuable, although there are some new somewhat chunky two-color plastic tiles that do not have as much value.
Tiles that are enrobed ie: Tiles that are dovetailed, with two different colors of bakelite dovetailed together, are also valuable.
The rarity of the set can make a difference, or even the designs on the tiles: Be sure to look at CHarli's website. She has done a fabulous job documenting different sets on the Book part of her website. She often will mention if she has only seen a few of a kind of set.